Dr CE Koshy
MS, Dip NB (Gen Surg), FRCS

Rhinoplasty (Greek: Rhinos, "Nose" + Plassein, "to shape") is a surgical procedure done in order to improve the function (reconstructive surgery) and/or the appearance (Aesthetic surgery) of a person's nose. Rhinoplasty is also commonly called a "nose reshaping" or "nose job". Rhinoplasty can be performed to meet aesthetic goals or for reconstructive purposes to correct trauma, birth defects or breathing problems. It can be combined with other surgical procedures such as chin augmentation to enhance the aesthetic results.

Rhinoplasty was first developed by Sushruta, an important physician (often regarded as the "father of plastic surgery") who lived in ancient India circa 500 BC, which he first described in his text Sushruta Samhita. He and his later students and disciples used rhinoplasty to reconstruct noses that were amputated as a punishment for crimes. The techniques of forehead flap rhinoplasty he developed are practiced almost unchanged to this day. This knowledge of plastic surgery existed in India up to the late 18th century as can be seen from the reports published in Gentleman's Magazine (October 1794).

Breast augmentation is a procedure performed (often known as breast augmentation, breast enlargement, mammoplasty enlargement, augmentation mammoplasty ) for Aesthetic reasons; to reconstruct the breast (e.g. to correct genetic deformities), .

According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, breast augmentation is the most commonly performed Aesthetic surgical procedure in the United States.
Breast Augmentation not only improves one appearance but in many cases improves self confidence & projects a better self Image .

Breast Reconstructive surgery Performed to reconstruct and Improve appearances of the breasts and restore the person back to whole .

Breast reduction surgery is oriented toward women with large, pendulous breasts, especially gigantomastia, since the weight of their breasts .Breast reduction dramatically decreases chronic pain of the head, neck, back, and shoulders, plus it counters circulation and breathing problems .
The weight may sometimes cause discomfort as a result of brassiere straps abrading or irritating the skin.

Even if the numerous physical discomforts are not a problem, some women feel awkward with the enormity of their breasts in proportion to the rest of their relatively smaller bodies. Except in unusual cases, this procedure is performed on individuals with fully-developed breasts .
Males with common condition of gynecomastia may feel embarrassed and upset with their condition, usually developed during adolescence. They may get the surgery for restored confidence.
A few celebrities are known for receiving breast reductions, such as Drew Barrymore,Soleil Moon Frye,Queen Latifah, Sharon Osbourne and Kerry Katona.

Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck" is a Aesthetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen more firm. The surgery involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen in order to tighten the muscle and fascia of the abdominal wall. This type of surgery is usually sought by patients with loose tissues after pregnancy or individuals with sagging after major weight loss. It is also a frequent surgery for Triad Syndrome later in life.
Abdominoplasty operations vary in scope and are frequently subdivided into categories. Depending on the extent of the surgery, a complete Abdominoplasty can take 1 to 5 hours. A partial abdminoplasty (Mini-Tuck Abdominoplasty) can be completed between 1 to 2 hours.
Tummy Tuck's are a relatively common procedure among men and Women.
 

Body contouring is a general term that refers to any surgical procedure that alters different areas of the body, whether it is in a massive weight loss patient or not. Body contouring after massive weight loss refers to a series of procedures that eliminate and/or reduce excess skin and fat that remains after obese individuals lose a significant amount of weight, in a variety of places including the torso, upper arms, chest, and thighs.

A facelift, technically known as a rhytidectomy , is a type of Aesthetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful appearance. It usually involves the removal of excess facial skin, with or without the tightening of underlying tissues, and the redraping of the skin on the patient's face and neck. The first facelift was performed in Berlin in 1901 by Eugene Hollander.
In the traditional facelift, an incision is made in front of the ear extending up into the hairline. The incision curves around the bottom of the ear and then behind it, usually ending near the hairline on the back of the neck.

Liposuction, also known as lipoplasty ("fat modeling"), liposculpture or suction lipectomy ("suction-assisted fat removal") is a Aesthetic surgery operation that removes fat from many different sites on the human body. Areas affected can range from the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, to the neck, backs of the arms and elsewhere.
It is a form of body contouring.The amount of fat removed varies by doctor, method, and patient .
There are several factors that limit the amount of fat that can be removed in one session. Ultimately, the operating physician and the patient make the decision.
Liposuction is one of the most common Aesthetic Surgeries performed the world over .

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